The differences between a run capacitor and a start capacitor can be bewildering. However, with a clear understanding of what each type of capacitor is, this confusion can easily be resolved. Run capacitors are more commonly used in air conditioning systems than start capacitors.
The run capacitor in your AC is used to store energy, which is used to turn the fan motor, an essential component to your working AC. Without the run capacitor, the fan cannot turn. Start capacitors are the second most commonly found capacitor within an AC system.
Without a start capacitor , your AC will not start up at all, as it is the start capacitor that provides the initial energy needed for start-up. A lot of torque is necessary to start up an AC system, so a start capacitor will have greater capacitance than a run capacitor.
If you have a faulty run capacitor, your AC system will fail to cool your home properly or efficiently, resulting in wasted energy and money. If you have a faulty start capacitor, your AC may not run at all. Single-phase motors use a device called a starter capacitor to create a large phase shift to produce the torque required at start-up. Single-phase motors will typically have both a working capacitor and a starter capacitor. The starting components differ from the capacitors by their relative capacity being much larger for a given physical size.
The starter capacitor will usually be identified as having a black or plastic housing and a recessed tip where the connections are located. As a byproduct of high capacity, they are just intermittent and can only be fed for a few seconds at a time. For this reason, a starter capacitor is usually one of the first components that does not work with single-phase electric motors.
An operating capacitor of the motor is connected to a circuit all the time for the correction of phase delay factor or power factor. They are common in HVAC units and larger single-phase motors. They are cooled by oil, in metal boxes and have rather low capacitance capacities like 5 uf or 45 uf. The operating capacitors are usually rated for V or V.
The capacitors are small cylindrical shaped containers that lie inside the housing of the air conditioner. The main purpose of them is to store energy and provide it to the motor upon start-up and when running. They are called a start capacitor and a run capacitor. When your air conditioner first turns on, it requires a massive amount of energy to begin its cycle. This is where the start capacitor comes in.
Once the AC is turned on, the start capacitor sends an immediate electrical charge, or boost, to get the rotation of the motor started. Once the proper amount of torque, or energy, is pushed to the motor, then the start capacitor shuts off. Once the system has started and is operating, the run capacitor takes over and provides the extra power to run the air conditioner for long periods of time. When the air conditioner is running, both capacitors create and store energy for the push for the next cycle.
Many air conditioning systems, as well as heat pumps, use a dual capacitor system which connects both the start and run capacitors to the compressor and fan motors. As with any other component of your air conditioning system, capacitors eventually wear out and either need a repair or replacement. One of the main reasons a capacitor may fail is due to overheating. They are quite sensitive to heat and if the air conditioner is sitting in full sun, the capacitor can easily overheat.
When the temperatures soar, such as during a heat wave, the AC system may run longer and harder than normal which can also cause electrical overheating. Power surges from a fluctuation in the electrical grid or from an overloaded circuit in your home can also cause irreparable damage to the capacitors.
The age of the capacitors can also be a cause of failure. Having routine preventive maintenance can help to prevent a capacitor from causing complete failure.
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